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11.
S.M.Semenov 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1992,4(1):10-14
An integrated approach was developed to determine the critical levels of air pollution for ecological standard setting based on the unified index of biological response, by taking into account the effects of all pollution components simultaneously. An empirical model of plant productivity was taken as the dose response model for gaseous pollutant effect on the productivity of trees and the annual productivity of plants was used as the above mentioned index. The CO2 increase in the lower atmosphere was considered to potentially increase plant productivity and NO2 was estimated as neutral while being dangerous for plants as a chemical precursor of ozone or as a source of acidification. The maximum permissible chronic O3 and SO2 levels for trees were estimated and it was found that O3 is much more phytotoxic, as compared to SO2 , with a rather narrow range of permissible levels (27-33 ppb) which complicates its monitoring and control. 相似文献
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卧龙湖是辽宁西北半干旱区向中部平原湿润区过渡的生态敏感带,本文介绍了卧龙湖的历史与现状,分析了存在的主要问题,并从微观角度提出了保护卧龙湖湿地的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
QIAO Bing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2001,13(2):252-256
IntroductionOilisakindofnecessaryenergyandresourceinpresenthumanproductionanddailylife.Butassoonasoilspillingatthesea,itwillbecomeadisastersourcepollutingenvironmentanddestroyingecology.Relatedtomanyoilspillfateprocesses,oilspillmodelisakindofcomprehen… 相似文献
14.
上海地区湿地生态旅游资源研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从国内外湿地研究进展中发现,湿地景观资源及其管理对策研究得到人们越来越广泛的重视。上海市湿地面积广阔,占全市海拔-5m以上总面积9123km^2的65.67%,同时具有景观多样性和生物物种多样性。丰富的湿地资源为上海市提供了广阔的绿地空间,成为宝贵的旅游资源。本文对上海市的湿地景观资源进行了细致的分析,并介绍了其开发和利用现状,在此基础上提出了规划设想和几点建议。 相似文献
15.
Anne Ingeborg Myhr Terje Traavik 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2003,16(3):227-247
Risk governance of GM plants and GMfood products is presently subject to heatedscientific and public controversies. Scientistsand representatives of the biotechnologyindustry have dominated debates concerningsafety issues. The public is suspicious withregard to the motives of scientists, companies,and political institutions involved. Thedilemmas posed are nested, embracing valuequestions, scientific uncertainty, andcontextual issues. The obvious lack of data andinsufficient information concerning ecologicaleffects call for application of thePrecautionary Principle (PP). There are,however, divergent opinions among scientistsabout the relevance of putative hazards,definition of potential ``adverse effects,' andwhether actions should be taken to preventharm. The reliance on the concept ofsubstantial equivalence in safety evaluation ofGM food is equally controversial. Consequently,value assumptions embedded in a scientificframework may be a barrier for employment ofthe PP. One of our major conclusions is thatprecautionary GMP usage requires riskassessment criteria yet undeveloped, as well asbroader and more long-term conceptions of risk,uncertainty, and ignorance. Conflicts ofinterest and public participation are otherissues that need to be taken intoconsideration. GMP governance regimes that arejustifiable from a precautionary and ethicalpoint of view must transcend traditionalscientific boundaries to include alternativescientific perspectives as well as publicinvolvement. 相似文献
16.
Wetland loss and substitution by the Section 404 permit program in southern California,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To test the effectiveness of the 404 permit program in preventing a net loss of wetland resources, 75 Section 404 projects permitted in the years 1987–1989 and located in a portion of southern California were evaluated. From this group of projects, 80.47 ha of wetlands were affected by Section 404 permits and the Army Corps of Engineers required 111.62 ha of wetland mitigation. To verify the successful completion of each mitigation project, all 75 project sites were visited and evaluated based on the amount of dead vegetation, growth and coverage, and the number of invasive species. Based on the field verification results, the actual amount of completed mitigation area was 77.33 ha, resulting in a net loss of 3.14 ha of wetland resources in the years 1987–1989. By comparing the types of wetlands lost to the types of wetlands mitigated, it is apparent that, in particular, freshwater wetlands are experiencing a disproportionately greater loss of area and that riparian woodland wetlands are most often used in mitigation efforts. The net result of these accumulated actions is an overall substitution of wetland types throughout the region. Results also indicate that, typically, large-scale mitigation projects are more successful compared to smaller projects and that successful compliance efforts are not evenly distributed throughout the region. We recommend that better monitoring, mitigation in-kind, mitigation banking, and planning on a regional or watershed scale could greatly improve the effectiveness of the Section 404 permitting program. 相似文献
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中国湿地现状综述 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
刘军 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2004,14(2):64-67
湿地是重要的自然资源,对人类生存起着重要作用。本文综述了湿地的含义、功能与 价值、中国湿地的特点与现状,以促进中国湿地的可持续发展与利用。 相似文献
20.
沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化效果研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过建立小型围隔区,研究了沉水植物对富营养化水体中氮、磷等污染物的净化效果,以及对底泥中磷含量的影响.结果表明:(1)在放养沉水植物的围隔水体中各种营养盐浓度明显低于对照围隔;(2)沉水植物对磷的吸收能够有效地保持底泥中磷的含量,而在对照围隔中的底泥中磷元素含量却不断增加;(3)经50天后,水体中TN、NH4 -N、TP、PO43--P和CODMn平均去除率分别为36.3%、70.5%、54.6%、65.4%和43.1%. 相似文献